Using HTTP Compression

There’s a finite amount of bandwidth on most Internet connections, and anything administrators can do to speed up the process is worthwhile. One way to do this is via HTTP compression, a capability built into both browsers and servers that can dramatically improve site performance by reducing the amount of time required to transfer data between the server and the client. The principles are nothing new — the data is simply compressed. What is unique is that compression is done on the fly, straight from the server to the client, and often without users knowing.

HTTP compression is a simple way to improve site performance and decrease bandwidth, with no configuration required on the client side. Find out how it works, and how to configure Apache and IIS to compress data on the fly.

HTTP compression is easy to enable and requires no client-side configuration to obtain benefits, making it a very easy way to get extra performance. This article discusses how it works, its advantages, and how to configure Apache and IIS to compress data on the fly.

Why Compress?

Most user’s knowledge of compression is from compressing a group of files that they download, extract, and open. But compression can also be used passively to compress documents as they are being transferred to a client’s browser. Because it’s a passive process, the server can reduce the size of the pages sent, therefore reducing the download time for users and their bandwidth usage.

Working the numbers helps clarify the gains. You can typically reduce an HTML document to less than half of its original size. This, in turn, halves the amount of time the client needs to download the page as well as the amount of bandwidth required. All of this is achieved without actually changing the way the site works, its page layout, or the content. The only thing that changes is the way the information is transferred.

Unfortunately, there are limitations.

Suitable File Types

Not all files are suitable for compression. For obvious reasons, files that are already compressed, such as JPEGs, GIFs, PNGs, movies, and ‘bundled content (e.g., Zip, Gzip, and bzip2 files) are not going to compress appreciably further with a simple HTTP compression filter. Therefore, you are not going to get much benefit from compressing these files or a site that relies heavily on them.

However, sites that have a lot of plain text content, including the main HTML files, XML, CSS, and RSS, may benefit from the compression. It will still depend largely on the content of the file; most standard HTML text files will compress by about a half, sometimes more. Heavily formatted pages, for example those that make heavy use of tables (and therefore repetitive formatting content) may compress even further, sometime to as little as one-third of the original size.

Fortunately, with most HTTP servers it’s possible to select which types of files are compressed so the effects of trying to compress non-compressable data is limited.

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